Definitions

term	definition	source
21st Century Literacy/Skills	Creative thinking: Communication and collaboration: Research and information fluency: Problem-solving: Technological fluency: Digital Citizenship: another perspective on these skills take a cognitive approach; this would cover the visual strategies.	ISTE (2007)
social media	"a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and techniological foundations ot Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of User Generated Content"(61). Where UGC is "the various forms of media content that are publicly available and created by end-users"(61) and where the ideological foundation of Web 2.0 is that Web content and applications are modified by all users in a "particpatory and collaborative fashion" (61) using the functionalities of technological advances such as Adobe Flash, AJAX, RSS. These authors use theories within the field fo media research to build a classification system of 6 types of social media that vary along two dimentions social presence/media richness and self-presentation/self-disclosure: Blogs, collaborative projects, social networking sites, Content communities, virtual social worlds and virtual game worlds. SNS have high self-presentation/self-disclosure and mediaum social presence/media richness.	Kaplan, Andreas M., Haenleine, Michael (2010)
social software	a distinguishing characteristic of social software is that it works best when there are larger numbers of people using it. examples include flickr, delicious, YouTube,. He also says MySpace, wikis and groups of blogs would fit but I don't see it. The definition provided is pretty loose.	Dron (2007)
Social Network(ing) Sites	(noun) a web-based service that provides members with the ability to maintain connection with existing networks and to develop new connections with people outside their existing networks. "What distinguishes SNSs from other forms of virtual communities is that they allow users to articulate and make visible their social networks"(120). And, I think the profile is also a distinguishing feature (avm).	Greenhow and Roelia (2009)
Social Networking	(verb) "implies that people use these networks to forge new networks"( 120).	Greenhow and Roelia (2009)
	A SNS does not necessarily have to be used in this way and research suggests that in fact most users use it to stay connected to existing networks of family and friends . We need some research to cite here. (see discussion)
informal, non formal and formal learning	Informal: spontaneous and experiential learning; no formal curricula; Metaphor of iceberg - informal learning is mostly hidden but has a significant impact on the non-formal and formal learning. non-formal: students actively seeks learning with identified objectives; can be provided by instructors or tutor, no credentials; adult ed courses for interest; good definition can be Spencer's adult ed text. formal: something or someone is directing the student`s learning; provides credentials.	Tough, Allen. (1999)
cultural, social, technical capital
Social Steganography	Hiding information in plain sight as a way for only the intended audience to understand the correct meaning.	Boyd (2010)
marginalized learners	Ji
Blogs	Blogs are "hypertextual web logs which people use for new forms of journaling, self-publishing, and media news critique."(94)	Kahn and Kellner 2004 pg 94
SNS	"web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or smi-public psaraoafile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a lost of other usersz with whom they share a connection, and (3) view a nd traverse their last of connections as and those made by others within the system. " what makes them aunique is the ability to articulatel a n network an d to make it visible to others,	Boyd and Ellison (2008)
SNS	by body's definition, she identifies the first SMS as SixDegrees.com that was launched in 1997 and by 1998 was the first to combine the three key features- create profiles, list their friends and surf the friends lists.	Boyd and Ellison (2008)
SNS	Myspace launched in 2003. Facebook began in 2004 ass a Harvard only service and opened later to high schools and then to everyone.	Boyd and Ellison (2008)
SNS	there are SNS over the globe ;some smaller but some just as large as popular north American sites. Most have a broad audiences while others focus on an activity (couch surfing.com), a identity (BlackPlanet) or affiliations (MyChurch). Ning.com allows people to set up their own SNS.	Boyd and Ellison (2008) 218
	A 2008 study of 18 and 19 year old college students looked at who uses SNS and who uses what services. the most significant idea from this study is that when they looked at the data in aggregate (for all SNS services) they would see different patterns than when they looked at the data for each service separately. For example, students whose parents had not finished high school tended to use MySpace and those who had at least one parent with a graduate degree or more were more likely to use FB, Friendster and Xanga. The authors caution about applying findings from one site to all sites. This reminds me that a SNS like YouTube , which is primarily a content sharing platform, can be a very different beast than one like FB or perhaps one of the smaller ones that is MyChurch.com.	Hargittai, 2008
SNS	Boyd points to the SNS as a new organization of online communities. Prior to SNS. Online communities were groups organized around interests or topics. sNS are organized around personal networks. They are egocentric. This more accurately reflects the off-line world where we work in networks rather than groups. ( ref to Wellman, 1988, p37)	Boyd and Ellison (2008) p 219
SNS	"Ritcher and Koch (2008) categorized the main functions of SNS into (a) Keep in mind and (b) identity management based on communication theory"(p. 1004).	Gu, Hwangbo, Hwan, Yi, Rau, Fang, Ling (2010)